Encoding, Encryption, and Hashing

Encoding, encryption, and hashing: those are three different things only loosely connected. It never occurred to me that anyone in our tribe wouldn’t understand the difference among them but according to Eric Mann there is confusing about them.

Mann has a useful post that explains the differences. The TL;DR is that encoding has nothing to do with cryptography while (cryptographic) hashing is generally considered part of any cryptographic suite.

There’s nothing very deep about the differences among these notions but if you’re unsure about them, take a look at Mann’s post. Maybe knowing the differences will even help you in an employment interview as it did Mann.

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Blocking Apple’s Private Relay

Fortunately for those of you who don’t follow the sturm and drang of the endless Internet melodrama, Irreal has your back and follows it so you don’t have to. The latest contretemps involves carriers blocking, or threatening to block, or trying to get regulators to block Apple’s Private Relay.

Private Relay, for those of you who don’t know, is a sort of VPN that hides a user’s actions on the Internet. The carriers hate it, of course, because they like to record their users’ click streams and sell them to advertisers. For the carriers, Private Relay is worse than a VPN because it’s automatic and even naive users will have their Internet activity protected.

So far, it appears to be European carriers who are doing the blocking. Their reasons for doing so are the stuff of high humor. Their most humorous reason is that “it undermines ‘European digital sovereignty.’” The real reason, of course, is that it interferes with their ability to capture and sell their users’ Internet usage.

In the United States, T-Mobile users are the only ones experiencing this problem and T-Mobile says that it affects only those who have signed up for Internet filtering. That makes sense: if you want to filter what your children see in their browsers, your carrier has to be able to see that content. Some T-Mobile users say they don’t have content filtering and are still getting Apple Relay blocked so the situation remains ambiguous.

Those with any options should vote with their wallets and abandon any carrier doing this. If you can’t switch carriers, then consider using a traditional VPN instead. As far as Europe and their regulators are concerned, John Gruber has this to say: “Let’s see if the EU’s vaunted regulators know which side of this dispute is actually working in favor of user privacy. There should be no debate which side is right here.”

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The Second Emacs 28 Pretest

Some more splendid news from the Emacs front: the second Emacs 28 pretest is out. There’s a lot of great features coming in Emacs 28 so please give it all the testing you can.

It always seems as if progress is excruciating slow but this is the developers making sure that when Emacs 28 is released, it will be rock solid. As always, I want to thank all the developers donating their time and energy to help bring this latest release to us.

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Emacs Calc Video

Over at the Calculator Culture Youtube Channel they have a nice Introductory video on the GNU Emacs calculator otherwise known as Calc. The thing about Calc is that’s it’s gigantic. It’s not Mathematica but it seems like it can do practically anything mathematical that you need.

The problem with Calc is neatly captured by Karthink in a reddit comment:

“The problem with Calc is that it’s got a big learning curve for anything more than simple arithmetic, and it doesn’t stick in the head because of the terse and arcane UI (even for Emacs) for the higher level functions. I have to relearn how to access most of the above every time I fire it up.”

This is exactly what I find. Calc does so much that I find it impossible to remember most of the advanced features unless I’m using one of them constantly. As soon as I stop that constant use, I forget the more abstruse parts.

The video is only 13 minutes, 21 seconds long so it doesn’t begin to cover all of Calc but it does give you an idea of some of what it can do. The good news is that it’s easy to learn and remember the basic functions so you always have a useful calculator at hand when you’re in Emacs. I use it as my desktop calculator and couldn’t be happier with it.

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Yak Shaving

“Yak shaving”. It is, at base, an opprobrious term but with a touch of indulgence and humor. Sort of like “rascal”: naughty, yes, but lovably so. It’s clear why yak shaving has a bad reputation. It’s a distraction from what we’re supposed to be doing. It is, really, a form of procrastination.

Procrastination, distraction, not doing what you’re supposed to be doing. Not notions we associate with Donald Knuth, arguably the apotheosis of their opposite. Yet, yakshav.es makes the case that Knuth is yak shaving’s patron saint. To support that claim, they tell the familiar story of how in the middle of writing The Art of Computer Programming, his (self described) life’s work, Knuth noticed that hot type typesetting was no longer available to print Volume 2 of the series and that the alternatives looked terrible. So Knuth took 11 years off to build his own typesetting system. In the middle of building TeX, he noticed that there no free fonts to use with TeX so he undertook a side project to build the Computer Modern font set. In the middle of building the Computer Modern Font, he noticed that there was no way of programmatically specifying a character in a font set so he invented Metafont. And on and on. See the post for the more comprehensive version.

Building TeX is the very definition of yak shaving. A seemingly infinite recursion of side projects in service of the main goal. The yakshav.es post made me reappraise yak shaving. It’s not always a bad thing. Sure, it can delay the main goal but great things can come from it. TeX revolutionized typesetting and the preparation of technical documents. Its influence is felt well outside Computer Science. Some might argue that TeX’s influence exceeds that of TAOCP. Whether you believe that or not, there’s no denying that TeX’s importance is profound, especially for an instance of yak shaving.

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Raindrop

It’s Sunday and I don’t have anything interesting to write about so instead I have a small gift. I stumbled across an amazing website the other day and have been obsessed with it since. The TL;DR is that you’re presented with a map of the World and can click anywhere on it.

That click represents placing a raindrop in that location. What follows is endlessly intriguing. The path the raindrop takes to the sea or other large body of water is mapped and animated on the map. The result is almost always unexpected. A surprising number of paths in North America end in the Gulf of Mexico, even if the raindrop is deposited in the north central U.S. or, say, Colorado. Even then the path is not as direct as you’d expect.

The above description doesn’t quite capture how amazing and entertaining the site is. Give it a try and see for yourself.

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More on Webster’s Revised Dictionary

Last week, in Draft 4 Revisited, I remembered James Somers’ wonderful article on You’re probably using the wrong dictionary. The right dictionary, it turns out, is Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913 + 1828) but you really need to read Somers’ article to find out why. In a long series of posts starting with Irreal’s original 2015 post, we discovered an online version of the dictionary, mourned its passing, and discovered a way to add it Emacs.

Now, Tim Heaney over at OYLENSHPEEGUL appears to have independently discovered this dictionary and another means of using it from within Emacs. As with the solution described in Irreal, you can also access the dictionary from the command line or even a GUI app.

As I’ve said before, if you write prose of any sort, you really need this dictionary and you really need to read Somers’ article and John McPhee’s Draft No. 4 that started the whole thing. It will open your eyes to a better way of editing your text.

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Red Meat Friday: Unix in the Browser

No. Just No.

Semiserious afterword

I get that there’s some great engineering behind this but why would you want to “run” Unix in the browser? And why, in the name of all that’s holy, would you want an OS built on JavaScript?

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Finding Repeated Words

Years ago, Albert Heinle was writing his thesis. A common error that many or most writers must deal with is using the same word repeatedly in close proximity. I certainly do and so did Heinle. He was using Emacs and LaTeX to write his thesis and he looked around for some software to automatically check for a repeated word within a given radius. He couldn’t find one but he was using Emacs so he wrote his own.

Heinle recently came across his word repetition code and decided to make it available to anyone who needs it. He says he used the project to learn Elisp so the code should be considered beta quality. He’s promised to work on it and it is, in any event, a single file so it should be easy to adapt it for your own uses.

When I’m writing an Irreal post, I generally go over it several times editing as I go. Just before I publish it I make one more pass. The most common problem I find is reusing the same word within two or three sentences.

If you write prose and find yourself repeating words too often, try out Heinle’s repetition detector. Perhaps it will help.

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Is Norton Stealth Downloading a Cryptocurrency Miner?

I just saw this horrifying Twitter thread. The thread makes it appear that Norton is stealthily downloading a cryptocurrency miner and running it without user consent. Instant outrage!

Except

  1. It’s Twitter
  2. If true this would almost certainly be illegal and at best open Norton to ruinous law suits

Perhaps a bit of wariness is appropriate. Here’s what Norton has to say about it. That makes it sound as if what’s happening is that Norton is providing a cryptocurrency miner that you can run if you like. If that’s the case, you can complain about the 15% fee but there’s nothing underhanded going on.

So the question is: what is going on here? If the thread is accurate it’s a major scandal but it’s a good rule to treat almost everything you see on Twitter with skepticism. Indeed, the majority of the Web seems to be treating this as a discretionary application that you can run if you like, not as a stealth download to steal your CPU cycles.

I didn’t go trawling in the Twitter swamp to find this thread. It came to me from my Hacker News feed. There was a long discussion on Hacker News but only one person noted Norton’s side of the story and that person was instantly shouted down. There’s enough character assassination on Twitter without spreading it on technical news sites. We should do better.

UPDATE [2022-01-06 Thu 15:38]: Krebs on Security has a post that summarizes and discusses the issue. The TL;DR is that while there is plenty to not like, Norton’s cryptocurrency miner does not run without the user’s consent. If you’re interested in this story, read Krebs’ post for a good account of what’s going on.

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